Ability of an enterprise software similar to a person in a specific area of capacity, is gradually and growth. If a person in their process of development of the field can get a good guide, he or she will be a month to consistently meet the objectives set, and mature, or may be blind development from their own goals more and more distant, even diametrically opposed. Ability of an enterprise software development also need a good guide, SW-CMM is a guide it to a few decades the concept of product quality and software industry experience and lessons learned, based on ability to continue to mature enterprise software provides effective steps and framework.
First, the framework
SW-CMM for software process capability of enterprises to provide an evolutionary framework of the ladder, step a total of five. The first level is actually a starting point for any CMM system prepared by the natural evolution of enterprises is the starting point, and through the starting point forward to the second level. In addition to the first level, each level is set a goal, if achieved the goal of this group, then that reached the maturity level, you can move down a level. CMM system not in favor of the evolution of cross-level, because starting from the second level, each achieving a low level are the basis for achieving a high level.
1. The initial level
The initial level of software process is undefined random process, project implementation is arbitrary even chaotic. Perhaps, some companies develop a number of software engineering specifications, but not covered by these basic norms of the key process requirements, and Zhixing no policy, resources Fangmian of assurance, then it is still regarded as the initial Ji.
2. Repeatable level
Based on years of experience and lessons learned, it summarizes the most important issue in software development is not a technical problem but a management problem. Therefore, the second-level focus on the software management process. A management process is a repeatable process, a repeatable process is to gradually evolve and mature. The second-level management process including requirements management, project management, quality management, configuration management, and five sub-contract management. Including project management into the planning process and the process of tracking and monitoring the two processes. By implementing these processes can be seen from a management point of view of a planned phase of implementation and control of the software development process.
3. The definition of class
In the second class only defines the basic process management, but does not define the steps in the implementation of standards. In the third level requires the development of enterprise-wide engineering standards, and whether management or engineering development requires a set of documented standards and will integrate these standards into the enterprise software development standards to the process. All development projects must be in accordance to this standard process, tailored to fit with the project process and the implementation of these processes. Tailoring process is not random, in the company prior to use and subject to the approval of the staff.
4. Management level
Fourth-class management is quantitative management. All the processes required to establish the appropriate means of measurement, the quality of all products (including work products, and presented to the user's products) need to have clear metrics. These metrics should be detailed, and can be used to understand and control the software process and products. Quantitative control of software development will truly become a kind of industrial production.
5. Optimization level
Fifth grade goal is to achieve a state of continuous improvement. The so-called continuous improvement is the process of implementation according to feedback information to improve the next step in the implementation process, which includes optimization steps. If a company has reached this level, so that enterprises can according to the actual nature of the project, technical and other factors, continue to adjust the software production process in order to achieve the best.
Second, the structure
In addition to first-class addition, SW-CMM is based on exactly the same at every level of the structure of composition. Each level contains a number of objectives to achieve this level key process areas (KPA), each KPA further includes a number of key implementation activities (KP), regardless of which KPA, their uniform implementation of activities organized by the five public properties, that each KPA contains five types of KP.
1. Goal
Each KPA is to determine a set of goals. If this set of objectives can be achieved in each project, then how businesses meet the requirements of the KPA. If a level to meet all the KPA requirements, that required to achieve this level of ability.
2. Implementation of the guarantee
Ensure the implementation of the enterprise in order to establish and implement the corresponding KPA activities that must be taken, these activities mainly include the development of enterprise-wide policy and senior management responsibilities.
3. Implementation capacity
KPA implementation capacity is a prerequisite for enterprises. Enterprises must take measures to meet these conditions, there will be implementation of the KPA's implementation activities. Generally include resources to ensure implementation capacity, training and so on.
4. The implementation of activities
Implementation of the requirements described in the implementation of the KPA and the steps necessary role. In five public properties, the implementation of the activities is the only property associated with the project implementation, and the remaining four properties are involved in enterprise infrastructure establishment CMM capabilities. Implementation of the activities typically include planning, implementation tasks, tracking task execution.
5. Measurement Analysis
Measurement and analysis describes the process of measurement and measurement requirements. Typical metrics and measurement and analysis of the requirements is to determine the status of implementation of activities and implementation of program effectiveness.
6. Implementation of the verification
Implementation of the verification is to verify whether the implementation of activities consistent with the established procedure. Implementation of the certification involves the assessment and audit management and quality assurance activities.
In the implementation of the CMM, the process of enterprise software can be a problem according to different levels to determine the order of realization of KPA, and then the order determined by the gradual establishment of the implementation of the corresponding process. In the implementation of a KPA, the target group can be applied to its gradual way to meet. Process of gradual evolution and maturity is a CMM system's purpose.
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